Archive for February, 2010

America’s Economic Future

Monday, February 15th, 2010

As a follow-up to yesterday’s post, here is a passage from Larry Summers’ March 13, 2009 speech that speaks of the importance of economic strength in achieving broader societal goals:

“Our single most important priority is bringing about economic recovery and ensuring that the next economic expansion, unlike it’s predecessors, is fundamentally sound and not driven by financial excess.
This is essential. Without robust and sustained economic expansion, we will not achieve any other national goal. We will not be able to project strength globally or reduce poverty locally. We will not be able to expand access to higher education or affordable health care. We will not be able to raise incomes for middle class families or create opportunities for new small businesses to thrive.”

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Our national goal to achieve a sustainable recovery (or what I frequently refer to as “Sustainable Prosperity”) has been and will continue to be a challenge, given various underlying fundamentals.

In order to achieve “Sustainable Prosperity” we will need to have a solid focus on planning our economic future and its dynamics.  Toward this end, I wrote an article in May of last year titled “America’s Economic Future – ‘Greenfield’ or ‘Brownfield’?” which can be found listed along the right-hand side of the home page.  That article, as well as others I have written, explores some of what I believe are pivotal issues that lack recognition with regard to our economic future.

All of my articles are also listed and summarized at this link:

http://www.economicgreenfield.com/prosperitybypencom-directory/

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Societal Implications

Sunday, February 14th, 2010

One aspect of our current period of economic weakness that lacks broad recognition is the impact on society.

There are many different aspects of this societal impact, some of which I have already discussed on this blog.

Yesterday’s Wall Street Journal, page A3 had stories that serve as examples of this societal impact of economic weakness.  One story was titled “Police, Fire Departments Face Budget Axe.”  Another was “Fiscal Woes Push Up (School) Class Size.”

While it is difficult to quantify these societal impacts, they are nonetheless important.

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Gold And Gold Stocks

Friday, February 12th, 2010

I have made various comments about Gold over the last few months.

One aspect during Gold’s price increase that I have noted as disconcerting is the relative lagging performance of the Gold stocks.  I use the HUI index as a proxy for Gold stocks.

As one can see on the daily chart below, the Gold price is reflected in the top of the chart, followed by the HUI:Gold ratio and then HUI in green:

chart courtesy of StockCharts.com

The HUI index has lagged since approximately the beginning of 2008.  Perhaps the main question is if/when might it start performing better?  One potentially bullish sign is a potential Cup and Handle formation with the two peaks above 500 and current upswing serving as the “lid” and “handle” of the Cup and Handle formation, respectively.

Of course, this Cup and Handle formation is very tentative at this time.  It is simply something to monitor.  However, should this C&H formation “play out” with the HUI strongly advancing above the prior peaks above 500, one could reasonably expect the gold price to react positively if not very much so.  Should it not play out, i.e. the HUI price falters or declines from here, would likely be a bearish omen for Gold.

As I have pointed out in previous posts, Gold’s price can have very important implications from many financial and economic perspectives.  However, due to the complexity of the factors that determine Gold’s price, it can be very difficult to predict its price movements.

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Treasury Secretary Geithner’s Comments

Thursday, February 11th, 2010

Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner was on “This Week” on Sunday and made various comments.  Here is the link:

http://abcnews.go.com/ThisWeek/week-transcript-treasury-secretary-timothy-geithner/story?id=9758951

I could make a lot of comments regarding this interview.

However, I would like to focus on this one exchange:

TAPPER: The Congress just voted to raise the debt ceiling to more than $14 trillion dollars. Moody’s, the bond rater, just said, quote, “unless further measures are taken to reduce the budget deficit further or the economy rebounds more vigorously than expected, the federal financial picture for the next decade will at some point put pressure on the triple-A government bond rating.

Is the United States going to lose its triple-A government bond rating? And what happens when the credit markets are no longer willing to buy U.S. debt?

GEITHNER: Absolutely not. And that will never happen to this country. And again, if you step back and look at what has happened throughout this crisis, when people were most worried about the stability of the world, they still found safety in Treasuries and the dollar. You’re still seeing that every time. People are reminded again about the many challenges you see around the world.

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my comments:

First, I don’t think any country can ever flatly deny the possibility of a credit downgrade.  As well, as I have previously commented, sovereign deficit and debt levels are coming under increased scrutiny.

Second, as far as the U.S. Dollar and Treasuries purportedly acting as “safe havens” during the crisis, and the inferences Geithner draws from this :

Although the U.S. Dollar and Treasuries increased in price during the height of the financial tumult, I don’t agree with the idea that this price increase can be viewed as an (implied) affirmation of our financial standing.  Many different factors played into the price increases of the U.S. Dollar and U.S. Treasuries during that period.  As such, I do not come to the same conclusion as does Treasury Secretary Geithner.

As well, I don’t believe that drawing inferences off of past price action is necessarily a strong predictor of the future, especially on an “all things considered” basis going forward.

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Fannie Mae And Freddie Mac Situation

Wednesday, February 10th, 2010

An article in yesterday’s Wall Street Journal presents a thorough summary of the situation at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.  The article is titled, “No Exit in Sight for U.S. As Fannie, Freddie Flail.”  Here is the link to the story:

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704362004575001042824028862.html?KEYWORDS=no+exit+in+sight+for+us

I’ve commented extensively on the U.S. real estate situation, and the national attempts to intervene in this market.  Those posts can be found under the “Real Estate” and “Intervention” categories.

With regard to the aforementioned article, there are three items that I feel are especially notable.  For now, I will post them without comment; I may comment on them in the future.  The first is this:

“On a recent afternoon, employees at Freddie’s headquarters here peppered Mr. Haldeman with concerns about the company’s future. He responded that they were “fortunate” to have such a clear mission—the government’s foreclosure-prevention drive. “We’re doing what’s best for the country,” he told them.”

The second is this:

“We’re making decisions on [loan modifications] and other issues, without being guided solely by profitability, that no purely private bank ever could,” Mr. Haldeman said in late January in a speech to the Detroit Economic Club.”

The third is this:

“The government is willing to tolerate such open-ended exposure for two reasons. First, it sees the companies as essential cogs in the fragile housing market. Fannie and Freddie buy mortgages originated by others, holding some as investments and repackaging others for sale to investors as securities. Together with the Federal Housing Administration, they fund nine in 10 American mortgages. Worries about potential insolvency would cripple their ability to fund home loans, which would hamstring the market….By using Fannie and Freddie for such initiatives, the White House doesn’t have to go to Congress for funding. The Treasury and White House can simply issue instructions to Fannie and Freddie via their federal regulator, the Federal Housing Finance Agency, or FHFA.”

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In December 2008, I wrote an article titled, “Business Planning Principles Applied to the Stimulus / Intervention Efforts.”  That article can be found listed along the right-hand side of the home page.

I wrote the article for many reasons…perhaps chief among them because it was clear that the various interventions lacked a suitable managerial framework.  The “exit strategy” bullet point in the article seems particularly germane to the current intervention efforts being orchestrated through Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

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Two Measures Of Economic Activity

Tuesday, February 9th, 2010

Two measures of economic activity that I closely follow have been weak over the recent past months.  This is notable, as they did enjoy a significant “boost” over the mid-2009 timeframe.

These two measures have proven to be excellent indicators in the past.  They would be considered “coincident” in nature.

I view the weakness of these two economic measures to be disconcerting.

Of course, the weakness they portray is in contrast to a variety of widely quoted economic statistics and other economic indicators that have been showing various degrees of economic recovery and strength.

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Historical Perspective – Employment And Output

Monday, February 8th, 2010

Here are two charts from the Minneapolis Fed site:

http://www.minneapolisfed.org/publications_papers/studies/recession_perspective/index.cfm

They show, from a historical context, how declines in employment and output during this period of economic weakness (which FRB Minneapolis refers to as a recession) compare to those of previous recessions.

First, the employment chart.  Here are two notes regarding this chart:

1. Employment is nonfarm payroll employment calculated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
2. Postwar recessions include the 10 recessions as defined by the NBER that started between 1946 and 2006.

Second, the output chart.  A couple of notes regarding this chart:

1. Output is gross domestic product adjusted for inflation as calculated by the Bureau of Economic Analysis.
2. Postwar recessions include the 10 recessions as defined by the NBER that started between 1946 and 2006.

There are other pertinent notes on the FRB Minneapolis page, as seen below:

Background on Recession/Recovery in Perspective

This page places the current economic downturn and recovery into historical (post-WWII) perspective. It compares output and employment changes from the 2007-2009 recession and subsequent recovery with the same data for the 10 previous recessions and recoveries that have occurred since 1946.

This page provides a current assessment of ‘how bad’ the 2007-2009 recession was relative to past recessions, and of how quickly the economy is recovering relative to past recoveries. It will continue to be updated as new data are released. This page does not provide forecasts, and the information should not be interpreted as such.

The charts provide information about the length and depth of recessions, and the robustness of recoveries.

Post-WWII Recessions

The Business Cycle Dating Committee of the National Bureau of Economic Research determines the beginning and ending dates of U.S. recessions. http://www.nber.org/cycles.html
It has determined that the U.S. economy experienced 10 recessions from 1946 through 2006. The committee determined that the 2007-2009 recession began in December 2007. The ending date has not yet been determined. Ending dates are typically announced several months after the recession officially ends.
http://www.nber.org/cycles/dec2008.html

Length of Recessions

The 10 previous postwar recessions ranged in length from 6 months to 16 months, averaging about 10 1/2 months. The 2007-09 recession was almost certainly the longest recession in the postwar period. But the total length of the recession will only be known when the Business Cycle Dating Committee retrospectively determines the final month of the recession.

Depth of Recessions

The severity of a recession is determined in part by its length; perhaps even more important is the magnitude of the decline in economic activity. That is, how much do employment and output fall?

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The Deficit And Federal Expenditures

Sunday, February 7th, 2010

With the recent unveiling of the proposed FY2011 budget, I would like to make a few comments with regard to budget deficits and federal expenditures.

Here is a historical chart of federal expenditures.  This chart is from the St. Louis Federal Reserve website.  This chart helps one put rising government expenditures in a historical context:

A February 1 Wall Street Journal article concerning the FY2011 proposed budget noted the deficit in the proposed budget would shrink from $1.6 trillion this year to $700 billion (4% of GDP) in 2013.

Various underlying economic assumptions from which this future deficit figure is derived can be found here:

http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2011/assets/econ_analyses.pdf

I believe these assumptions are rather sanguine – even if one believes that we are in a sustainable recovery.

Our nation has a long history of being far too optimistic during budgeting.  This appears to be yet another example in-the-making.  What is particularly disconcerting in this instance is that even if these economic assumptions are met, there is still a $700 billion shortfall in 2013.  This deficit level does not continue to decrease after 2013, as seen in the budget.

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SIGTARP Comments

Thursday, February 4th, 2010

I found some interesting comments in the SIGTARP January 30 2010 Report to Congress:

http://www.sigtarp.gov/reports/congress/2010/January2010_Quarterly_Report_to_Congress.pdf

From the Executive Summary, which begins on Page 5:

“Many of TARP’s stated goals, however, have simply not been met. Despite the fact that the explicit goal of the Capital Purchase Program (“CPP”) was to increase financing to U.S. businesses and consumers, lending continues to decrease, month after month, and the TARP program designed specifically to address small-business lending — announced in March 2009 — has still not been implemented by Treasury. Notwithstanding the fact that preserving homeownership and promoting jobs were explicit purposes of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (“EESA”), the statute that created TARP, nearly 16 months later, home foreclosures remain at record levels, the TARP foreclosure prevention program has only permanently modified a small fraction of eligible mortgages, and unemployment is
the highest it has been in a generation. Whether these goals can effectively be met through existing TARP programs is very much an open question at this time. And to the extent that the Government had leverage through its status as a significant preferred shareholder to influence the largest TARP recipients to carry out such policy goals, it was lost with their exit from TARP.”

also:

“….The substantial costs of TARP — in money, moral hazard effects on the market, and Government credibility — will have been for naught if we do nothing to correct the fundamental problems in our financial system and end up in a similar or even greater crisis in two, or five, or ten years’ time.  It is hard to see how any of the fundamental problems in the system have been addressed to date.

• To the extent that huge, interconnected, “too big to fail” institutions contributed to the crisis, those institutions are now even larger, in part because of the substantial subsidies provided by TARP and other bailout programs.

• To the extent that institutions were previously incentivized to take reckless risks through a “heads, I win; tails, the Government will bail me out” mentality, the market is more convinced than ever that the Government will step in as necessary to save systemically significant institutions. This perception was reinforced when TARP was extended until October 3, 2010, thus permitting Treasury to maintain a war chest of potential rescue funding at the same time that banks that have shown questionable ability to return to profitability (and in some cases are posting multi-billion-dollar losses) are exiting TARP programs.

• To the extent that large institutions’ risky behavior resulted from the desire to justify ever-greater bonuses — and indeed, the race appears to be on for TARP recipients to exit the program in order to avoid its pay restrictions — the current bonus season demonstrates that although there have been some improvements in the form that bonus compensation takes for some executives, there has been little fundamental change in the excessive compensation culture on Wall Street.

• To the extent that the crisis was fueled by a “bubble” in the housing market, the Federal Government’s concerted efforts to support home prices — as discussed more fully in Section 3 of this report — risk re-inflating that bubble in light of the Government’s effective takeover of the housing market through purchases and guarantees, either direct or implicit, of nearly all of the residential mortgage market.

Stated another way, even if TARP saved our financial system from driving off a cliff back in 2008, absent meaningful reform, we are still driving on the same winding mountain road, but this time in a faster car.”

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Two Other Views Of The Gold Price

Wednesday, February 3rd, 2010

I find a periodic review of Gold’s price relative to the Dow Jones Industrials’ and to Crude Oil’s interesting.

Below is a long-term monthly chart of the Dow Jones Industrial Average price relative to that of Gold’s.  As one can see, Gold has been outperforming since roughly 2001, after underperforming from roughly 1981-2000:

chart courtesy of StockCharts.com

Below is a long-term monthly chart of the Crude Oil price relative to that of Gold’s.  As one can see, the Gold price has been bouncing around in a range since 1990, and is now at a slightly subdued level:

chart courtesy of StockCharts.com

One can infer many different things from these two charts.  With regard to the first chart, one way to view this is to see how “hard assets” are performing relative to “paper assets.”  With regard to the above chart, one can see how Gold is performing to another commodity, crude oil.  From this crude oil to Gold price comparison, one may interpret Gold’s unique “safe haven” value.  If one chooses to view the chart in this manner, one could draw the conclusion that from a “safe haven” standpoint, Gold’s price is not reflecting much of a “safe haven” value.  This view is consistent with previous comments I have made with regard to Gold.

I strongly believe that the strongest driver of Gold’s price (especially relative to other assets) will be if/when it is viewed as the ultimate “safe haven” asset.  This condition would likely occur concomitant to a repudiation of “paper” assets.

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